Relación entre el fármaco semaglutida y la reducción de peso en pacientes con obesidad: una revisión sistemática / Relation between the drug semaglutide and weight reduction in patients with obesity: a systematic review / Relação entre a droga semaglutida e a perda de peso em pacientes obesos: uma revisão sistemática

El tratamiento farmacológico para la obesidad es muy limitado, entre los existentes en el mercado, destaca la Semaglutida, ampolla subcutánea que se aplica semanalmente y se usa en pacientes con diabetes y obesidad. OBJETIVO: establecer la relación de Semaglutida como un potencial fármaco para el tratamiento de obesidad. MÉTODO: estudio de tipo descriptivo, principalmente enfocado en la revisión y análisis de investigaciones publicadas en bases de datos científicas de alta relevancia, restringiéndose únicamente a publicaciones del 2015 en adelante (2022) que engloben como tópico principal el uso de Semaglutida. RESULTADO: se identificaron 802 registros en las bases de datos, aplicando los criterios de selección se identificaron 45 artículos como potenciales fuentes de información, finalmente se seleccionaron 15 artículos con datos altamente relevantes para esta revisión, donde se consideró la dosis del fármaco para la reducción de peso se observa que a mayor cantidad de Semaglutida se obtiene una reducción significativa de peso, llegando a una media de 11.82 kg. CONCLUSIÓN: el tratamiento semanal con Semaglutida administrada a nivel subcutánea con cambios en el estilo de alimentación y actividad física, dan como resultados pérdida de peso sostenida en el tiempo clínicamente relevante, pudiendo llegar a la aplicabilidad en pacientes cuyo tratamiento por otros métodos más convencionales no es eficiente.

Pharmacological treatment for obesity is very limited; among those available on the market, Semaglutide, a subcutaneous ampoule applied weekly and used in patients with diabetes and obesity, stands out. OBJETIVE: to establish the relationship of Semaglutide as a potential drug for the treatment of obesity. METHOD: descriptive study, mainly focused on the review and analysis of research published in scientific databases of high relevance, restricting only to publications from 2015 onwards (2022) that include as main topic the use of Semaglutide. RESULT: 802 records were identified in the databases, applying the selection criteria 45 articles were identified as potential sources of information, finally 15 articles were selected with highly relevant data for this review, where the dose of the drug for weight reduction was considered, it is observed that the greater the amount of Semaglutide a significant weight reduction is obtained, reaching a mean of 11.82 kg. CONCLUSION: weekly treatment with Semaglutide administered subcutaneously with changes in eating style and physical activity, results in clinically relevant sustained weight loss over time, being able to reach applicability in patients whose treatment by other more conventional methods is not efficient.

Entre os tratamentos existentes no mercado, destaca-se Semaglutide, uma ampola subcutânea que é aplicada semanalmente e utilizada em pacientes com diabetes e obesidade. OBJETIVO: estabelecer a relação do Semaglutide como uma droga potencial para o tratamento da obesidade. METODO: estudo descritivo, focado principalmente na revisão e análise de pesquisas publicadas em bases de dados científicos altamente relevantes, restringindo-se apenas a publicações a partir de 2015 (2022) que incluem o uso do Semaglutide como tema principal. RESULTADOS: 802 registros foram identificados nos bancos de dados, aplicando os critérios de seleção 45 artigos foram identificados como fontes potenciais de informação, finalmente 15 artigos foram selecionados com dados altamente relevantes para esta revisão, onde a dose do medicamento para redução de peso foi considerada, observa-se que quanto maior a quantidade de Semaglutide uma redução de peso significativa é obtida, atingindo uma média de 11,82 kg. CONCLUSAO: o tratamento semanal com Semaglutide administrado subcutaneamente com mudanças na dieta e na atividade física resulta em perda de peso sustentada clinicamente relevante ao longo do tempo, e pode ser aplicável em pacientes cujo tratamento por outros métodos mais convencionais não é eficiente.

Stomatognathic System Changes in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease involving multiple organs, devices, and systems involving important changes in the stomatognathic system, such as in the orofacial muscles, temporomandibular joint, cheeks, nose, jaw, maxilla, oral cavity, lips, teeth, tongue, hard/soft palate, larynx, and pharynx. Patients with obesity indicated for bariatric surgery reportedly presented with abnormalities in the structures and function of the stomatognathic apparatus. This occurs through the accumulation of adipose tissue in the oral cavity and pharyngeal and laryngeal regions. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to elucidate the changes occurring in the stomatognathic system of patients with obesity after undergoing bariatric surgery. METHOD: Information was searched based on the equations developed with the descriptors obtained in DECS and MESH using the PRISMA methodology. Studies published between 2010 and October 2021 in databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo, Dialnet, EBSCO, and Springer Link were considered. RESULTS: Eighty articles met the inclusion criteria after evaluating the articles, thereby allowing for the determination of the morphophysiological correlation of the stomatognathic system with the population studied. At the morphological or structural level, changes were observed in the face, nose, cheeks, maxilla, jaw, lips, oral cavity, teeth, tongue, palate, temporomandibular joint, neck, muscles, head, shoulders, larynx, and pharynx. At the morphological level, the main changes occurred in, and the most information was obtained from, the labial structures, teeth, muscles, pharynx, and larynx. Physiological changes were in breathing, phonation, chewing, and swallowing, thereby revealing the imbalance in basic and vital functions. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing the changes and structures of obese patients and candidates for bariatric surgery revealed that, in the preoperative period, the evidence is clear owing to the presence of a wide range of information. However, the information is more limited regarding the postoperative period; thus, further research focusing on characterization of the system postoperatively is warranted.

[Risk factors for arterial hypertension in the adult population of an urban region of Ecuador]. / Factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en población adulta de una región urbana de Ecuador.

Objectives . To determine the risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) in the adult resident population of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador Materials and methods A cross-sectional analytical study of adults selected via multistage random sampling who underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory evaluations. The diagnosis of HTN was defined according to the JNC-7 criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was performed Results A total of 318 persons were included. The prevalence of HTN was 25.8% (males: 27.2% vs. females: 24.7%; p = 0.617). In the multiple logistic regression model, the risk factors for HTN were age > 60 years (OR, 8.68; 95% CI, 3.56-21.14; p < 0.001), obesity according to body mass index (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04-5.70; p = 0.042), high caloric intake (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01- 4.53; p = 0.044), and family history of HTN (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.90; p = 0.040) Conclusions The presence of HTN in this population is associated with both intrinsic and environmental factors, which should be considered in routine evaluations to ensure its early identification and control.

Punto de corte de circunferencia abdominal para el agrupamiento de factores de riesgo metabólico: una propuesta para la población adulta de Cuenca, Ecuador / Waist circumference cut-off point for metabolic risk factor aggregation: A proposal for the adult population of Cuenca, Ecuador

Antecedentes y objetivo: En la actualidad son pocos los estudios sobre circunferencia abdominal realizados en Ecuador. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar sus puntos de corte en la población adulta de Cuenca, Ecuador. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con un muestreo aleatorio y multietápico en 318 individuos adultos de ambos sexos. A los participantes se les realizó historia clínica con mediciones antropométricas y de laboratorio. Se construyeron curvas ROC para determinar los puntos de corte de circunferencia abdominal para el agrupamiento de factores de riesgo metabólico. Se emplearon los criterios IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009, ATP-III y ALAD para definir el síndrome metabólico. Resultados: De los 318 sujetos, el 57,2% fueron mujeres, la presencia de agrupamiento de factores de riesgo metabólico se encontró en un 54,1% (n = 172). Al construir las curvas ROC se obtuvo un punto de corte de circunferencia abdominal de 91,5 cm para el sexo femenino (sensibilidad: 66,7%; especificidad: 62,7%) y 95,5 cm para el sexo masculino (sensibilidad: 71,2%; especificidad 68,3%). Empleando dichos puntos de corte, la prevalencia de obesidad abdominal para mujeres se ubicó en el 53,3% y para hombres en el 52,9%. Conclusiones: Los puntos de corte para circunferencia abdominal difieren de los propuestos para la población latinoamericana. Se propone que los puntos de corte para circunferencia abdominal sean de 91 cm para mujeres y 95 cm para hombres adultos de la ciudad de Cuenca. Es necesario unificar esfuerzos entre los diversos grupos de investigación de la región para establecer valores en común para Latinoamérica basados en los diversos reportes hasta la fecha.

Background and objective: Few studies have been conducted on waist circumference in Ecuador. This research aims to determine the cut-off points of waist circumference in an adult population from Cuenca City, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a multistage random sampling was carried out on 318 adults of both sexes. Participants underwent a medical examination, with anthropometric and laboratory measurements. ROC curves were plotted to determine the waist circumference cut-offs for multiple risk factor aggregation. The IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO 2009, ATP-III and ALAD criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome. Results: Of the 318 subjects, 57.2% were women. The presence of multiple risk factor aggregation was found in 54.1% (n = 172). ROC curves showed waist circumference cut-offs of 91.5 cm for females (sensitivity: 66.7%; specificity: 62.7%) and 95.5 cm for males (sensitivity: 71.2%, specificity 68.3%). Using these cut-offs the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 53.3% for women, and 52.9% for men. Conclusions: The cut-offs for waist circumference differ from those proposed for the Latin American population. A waist circumference cut-off of 91 cm for women and 95 cm for men from Cuenca city is suggested. It is necessary to unify efforts among the various research groups in the region to establish common values for Latin America based on the different reports to date.

Factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en población adulta de una región urbana de Ecuador / Risk factors for arterial hypertension in the adult population of an urban region of Ecuador

RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar los factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial (HTA) en población adulta residente en la ciudadde Cuenca, Ecuador Materiales y métodos Estudio transversal analítico realizado en adultos seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio multietápico, a quienes se les realizó evaluación clínica, evaluación antropométrica y de laboratorio. El diagnóstico de HTA fue definido según los criterios del JNC-7. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple Resultados Se incluyeron 318 personas. La prevalencia de HTA fue de 25,8% (hombres: 27,2% vs mujeres: 24,7%; p=0,617). En el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, los factores de riesgo para HTA fueron la edad > 60 años (OR 8,68; IC 95%: 3,56-21,14; p<0,001), obesidad según índice de masa corporal (OR 2,36; IC 95%: 1,04-5,70; p=0,042), alto consumo calórico (OR 2,06; IC 95%: 1,01-4,53; p=0,044) y el antecedente familiar de HTA (OR 1,58; IC 95%: 1,02-2,90; p=0,040) Conclusiones La presencia de HTA en esta población se asocia a factores intrínsecos como medioambientales, los cuales deben ser considerados en la evaluación rutinaria para la identificación y control temprano de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objectives . To determine the risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) in the adult resident population of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador Materials and methods A cross-sectional analytical study of adults selected via multistage random sampling who underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory evaluations. The diagnosis of HTN was defined according to the JNC-7 criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was performed Results A total of 318 persons were included. The prevalence of HTN was 25.8% (males: 27.2% vs. females: 24.7%; p = 0.617). In the multiple logistic regression model, the risk factors for HTN were age > 60 years (OR, 8.68; 95% CI, 3.56-21.14; p < 0.001), obesity according to body mass index (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04-5.70; p = 0.042), high caloric intake (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01- 4.53; p = 0.044), and family history of HTN (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02-2.90; p = 0.040) Conclusions The presence of HTN in this population is associated with both intrinsic and environmental factors, which should be considered in routine evaluations to ensure its early identification and control.